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y liberal Democratic senator Ted Kennedy to head a Senate investigation of airline regulations。

现任最高法院法官的Stephen Breyer那时是哈佛大学的一名教授,应自由主义者-民主党参议员Ted Kennedy的请求主持一项关于航空业规章制度的调查研究。

STEPHEN BREYER; : You discovered that basically the same firms that had been there in 1938 were still there。 Those were the major carriers and nobody new。

STEPHEN BREYER,美国最高法院法官:我们发现自从1938年以来基本就是那些公司存在,它们是主要的航空公司,没有新进入者。

NARRATOR: The hearings began; and officials from the Civil Aeronautics Board were called to testify。

旁白:听证开始了;美国民用航空局的官员被召来作证。

STEPHEN BREYER: And it turned out that 5 percent of their time went to stop prices that were too high and 95 percent of their time went to stop prices that were too low; but always the effort was to keep the price high and not low。

STEPHEN BREYER:事实证明他们5%的时间用来调整过高的价格,95%的时间用来调整过低的价格,但是调整价格的努力总是使价格处于高位而不是低位。

NARRATOR: Naturally; the established airlines were quite happy with this arrangement。

旁白:自然,已存在的航空公司对此非常高兴。

STEPHEN BREYER: And we'd say; "When was the last time you granted a new route? Well?"

STEPHEN BREYER:我们要说:“什么时候你们才最后批准新路线?啊?”

NARRATOR: Regulations meant that major carriers like Pan Am never had to pete with newers。 But some cut…price charter flight operators wanted to break this club。 Leading the struggle against Pan Am over its profitable trans…Atlantic flights was an exuberant Englishman called Freddie Laker。

旁白:规章制度意味着主要的航空公司,比如泛美航空公司,永远不必和新进入者竞争。但是一些打折的包机飞行经营者希望打破这个俱乐部。一位名叫Freddie Laker 的活力充沛的英国人领导了反对泛美航空公司有利可图的横跨大西洋航线的斗争。

FREDDY LAKER: I'm Freddy Laker。 I own Laker Airways; and I'm dedicated to low…cost air travel。 With Laker you can fly round trip to the USA or Canada in one of our wide…bodied DC…10s for less than half the price 

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