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called the manding heights; but the Bolshevik Biscuit Factory did bake Russia's favorite cookie。

旁白:他们的目标锁住了莫斯科郊外的一个企业——布尔什维克饼干厂(Bolshevik Biscuit Factory),这样的工厂并不是列宁所说的那样的控制经济命脉的(制高点)企业,但是它们生产的饼干在全俄罗斯确实最受欢迎。

BORIS JORDAN: We had to; I wouldn't say bribe …… we had to incentivize them。 We gave managers of their factories and the employees of the factories about 50 percent of the stock in the pany。 The balance of the equity would be sold in the public markets through these vouchers。 We opened up the first official auction of a Russian pany to the public on December 8; 1992。

鲍里斯。乔丹(Boris Jordan):我们必须激励他们,我不是指贿赂,我们给企业的经理和员工们大约50%的公司股份,剩下的股权将通过产权凭证的形式在公开市场上出售,1992年12月8日,我们首次开创了俄罗斯公司面向公众的正式拍卖。

NARRATOR: On the day of the auction; fury at the economic reforms boiled over in Parliament。 munist hard…liners forced a vote of confidence in Gaidar。

旁白:在拍卖的那天,被经济改革触怒的人们在议会闹翻了天,共产党顽固分子迫使议会进行了一场对盖达的信任投票。

BORIS JORDAN: I remember it very well。 We'd already opened the auction; and I was sitting in the auction center。 I was watching the television; and I watched Gaidar get removed。

鲍里斯。乔丹(Boris Jordan):我记得非常清楚,我们已经开始了拍卖,我正坐在拍卖会场里,我看着电视,我看到盖达被解除职务。

NARRATOR: munist opposition had forced Yeltsin to sacrifice Gaidar。 His replacement; Viktor Chernomyrdin; was a product of the old Soviet central planning system。

旁白:共产党反对派迫使叶利钦牺牲盖达,他的继任者,维克多。切尔洛梅尔金(Viktor Chernomyrdin)是老苏维埃中央计划体制下培养出来的一个人物。

JEFFREY SACHS: There was no doubt that after Gaidar was thrown out of the prime ministership at the end of 1992 that the level of corruption rose tremendously。

杰裴里。萨克斯(Jeffrey Sachs):毫无疑问,自从1992年底盖达被解除总理职务以后,腐败程度变得更加恶化了。

NARRATOR: State panies were sold off; and the trade in vouchers led to a fledgling stock exchange。 A marke

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