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r he will be prisoner。

阿那特利。丘拜斯(Anatoly Chubais):有消息认为盖达(Gaidar)将可能成为总理,这在那时听起来绝对是疯了,每个人对此都抱以大笑,一个人说,对,他会成为总理,要不然就成囚犯了。

NARRATOR: But by 1985; it was not just economics students who were asking what was wrong。 When Mikhail Gorbachev became leader of the Soviet Union; he was appalled by the economic decay。

旁白:但到1985年,不仅仅是经济学的学生,其它人也开始质疑经济到底出了什么问题。当米哈伊。戈尔巴乔夫(Mikhail Gorbachev)成为苏联的领导人时,他被经济的烂摊子震惊了。

MIKHAIL GORBACHEV; General Secretary; munist Party; 1985…1991: There was a government mission to examine the problem of women's pantyhose。 Imagine a country that flies into space; launches Sputniks; creates such a defense system; and it can't resolve the problem of women's pantyhose。 There's no toothpaste; no soap powder; not the basic necessities of life。 It was preposterous and embarrassing to work in such a government。

苏共总书记(1985…1991) 米哈伊。戈尔巴乔夫(Mikhail Gorbachev):有一个政府委员会负责调查妇女连裤袜的问题。想像一下,一个飞上了太空,发射了人造地球卫星,建立了如此的国防体系的国家,却不能解决妇女连裤袜的问题。没有牙膏,没有肥皂、洗衣粉,生活必需品得不到满足,在这样的一个政府里工作是荒谬和尴尬的。

DANIEL YERGIN: Mikhail Gorbachev was what the Soviet Union had been waiting for …… a new; young; dynamic leader who was going to reform the system。 But that system had been propped up for a decade and a half by high oil prices; and just after he came in; the price of oil collapsed; which meant that the economic problems facing the Soviet Union were even more enormous。

丹尼尔。尤金(Daniel Yergin):米哈伊。戈尔巴乔夫(Mikhail Gorbachev)是苏联长期以来期盼出现的人物——新一代的、年轻、充满活力的领导人。他要对体制进行改革。但是旧体制已经由高石油价格支撑了15年,而正是在他上台后,油价急剧下跌,这意味着苏联所面临的经济问题更巨大了。

NARRATOR: Gorbachev's attempt to restructure the economy was called "perestroika。"

旁白:戈尔巴乔夫试图重组经济的努力称为“改革”(peretrolka)。

MIKHAIL GORBACHEV: Perestroika was a reform that aimed at gradual political change to creat

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