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953; Budapest in 1956; Prague 1968。 But the answer was different in Warsaw in 1989。 Solidarity won 99 out of 100 seats。 The head of the Polish munist Party called Moscow for directions。 Mikhail Gorbachev's answer was stunning: "Do nothing; accept the oute of a free election。" And that was really the phone call that ended the Cold War。 And of course; the great symbol of the end of the Soviet empire was the fall of the Berlin Wall。 One country after another broke free of munism …… Poland; Hungary; Czechoslovakia; Romania。 1989 was truly a miracle year。

丹尼尔。尤金(Daniel Yergin):以前,在东欧,如果有谁胆敢挑战苏联强权的话,那结果再清楚不过了,必定是坦克、红军都一起来了。1953年的柏林、1956年的布达佩斯、1968年的布拉格都是这样。但1989年华沙的这次不同了,团结工会获得了99%的席位,波兰共产党的领导人向打电话给苏联寻求指示,戈尔巴乔夫的回答令人震惊:“什么都不要做,接受自由选举的结果吧。”正是这个电话结束了长期的冷战,当然,苏维埃帝国崩溃更具代表性的事件是柏林墙的倒塌。一个接一个的国家从共产主义中解放出来—波兰,匈牙利,捷克斯洛伐克,罗马尼亚。1989年真是奇迹的一年。

NARRATOR: Poland was free now。 Solidarity had to liberate the Polish economy。 Late one night Sachs met the Solidarity economist Jacek Kuron in a Warsaw apartment。

旁白:波兰现在自由了,团结工会不得不解放波兰的经济。一天晚上萨克斯(Sachs)在华沙的一所公寓里会见了团结工会的经济学家杰西卡。库勒(Jacek Kuron)。

JEFFREY SACHS: I was trying to explain how you get out of this mess that the munist system had left behind。 Every couple of minutes he would pound on the table; "Pah; pah; pah" …… "Yes; yes; yes; I understand。" And we'd gone on …… "Pah; pah" …… and it was very; you know。。。 it was really exciting。 We went on for a few hours like this。 I was exhausted。 The room was filled with smoke; and he said: "Okay; clear。 Write up the plan。" We got up。 I said: "Well; this will be a great honor。 We'll send you something just as soon as we can。" "No; tomorrow morning I need the plan。" I laughed; and he said; "I'm absolute

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